Form
| Present perfect | Past simple |
| have/has + past participle | verb + -ed / irregular past |
| I have seen the film. | I saw the film last night. |
When to use each
| Present perfect | Past simple |
| Time period not finished or not specified: today, this week, so far, ever, never, already, yet, just, lately | Finished time: yesterday, last week, in 2019, two days ago, when…? |
| Experience: I've been to Japan. | Specific event: I went to Japan in 2019. |
| Present result: I've lost my keys (I can't get in). | Past action only: I lost my keys yesterday. |
| Unfinished state: I've lived here for five years (still). | Finished state: I lived there for five years (not now). |
Watch out
- Never use a finished time expression with the present perfect:
I have seen him yesterday. - When…? uses the past simple: When did you meet him?
- News: start with present perfect, give details in past simple: A man has escaped. He climbed the wall at 3 a.m.
- Superlatives and It's the first time: present perfect (the best film I've ever seen).
En español
Presente perfecto: experiencias, resultados presentes, periodos no terminados (ever, never, yet, already, since, for). Pasado simple: acciones terminadas con un tiempo concreto (yesterday, ago, in 2019, last week).
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