Form
have / has + past participle
| Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|
| I / you / we / they | I have seen | I haven't seen | Have you seen? |
| he / she / it | She has seen | She hasn't seen | Has she seen? |
Regular participles end in -ed (worked). Irregular ones must be learned: go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten, write → written, do → done.
Use
- Experience (life up to now): I have been to Paris. Have you ever eaten sushi?
- Unfinished time: I have had three coffees today.
- Result in the present: I have lost my keys (I can't get in).
- Duration (for / since): I have lived here for six years / since 2018.
- Recent news: She has just left.
Key words
ever, never, already, just, yet, so far, recently, for, since. Just and already go between have and the participle; yet goes at the end (questions and negatives).
Watch out
- Do not use it with finished times: yesterday, last week, in 2019, two days ago → use the past simple.
- been = went and came back; gone = went and is still there.
En español
El present perfect (have/has + participio) conecta el pasado con el presente: experiencias, tiempo no terminado, resultados actuales y duración con for/since. No se usa con tiempos terminados (yesterday, last week, ago): ahí va el pasado simple.
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