Type 0 — general truths and habits
if + present simple, present simple (if = when)
- If you heat ice, it melts.
- If I'm tired, I go to bed early.
Type 1 — real or possible future
if + present simple, will + base verb
- If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay home.
- If she studies, she will pass.
The result clause can also use an imperative or a modal (can, might, could): If you see Maria, say hello. / If you leave now, you might catch the train.
Other connectors
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|
| unless | if … not | Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus. |
| as long as / provided that | only if | I'll go as long as it doesn't rain. |
| in case | as a precaution | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
Watch out
- No will after if / unless / when / as soon as:
If it will rain → If it rains. - Don't add a second negative after unless:
Unless you don't hurry. - Comma when the if-clause comes first.
En español
Tipo 0: verdades generales (if + presente, presente). Tipo 1: futuro posible (if + presente, will + verbo). Nunca uses will después de if. Unless = a menos que / si no.
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