Grammar in focus
Form
| Word | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| some | positive sentences, offers, requests | I have some friends. Would you like some tea? |
| any | questions, negatives; "it doesn't matter which" | Do you have any questions? Take any seat. |
| no + noun | negative meaning (= not any) | There is no milk. She has no sisters. |
| none / none of | replaces a noun; "not one" | "How many?" "None." None of them came. |
| every + singular noun | all of them, one by one | Every student has a book. |
Use
- Positive → some; negative / question → any; negative meaning with a positive verb → no.
- No goes before a noun; none stands alone or with of.
- Every takes a singular noun and verb.
Watch out
- Only one negative:
I don't have no car→ I don't have any car / I have no car. Every students are here→ Every student is here.None student came→ No student came / None of the students came.
En español
Some = algunos (afirmativo), any = algún / ningún (preguntas y negativos), no / none = ningún / ninguno, every = cada / todos. No va antes de un sustantivo; none va solo o con of.
US vs UK
This book teaches American English. These are the differences you will notice with British English on this topic.
With none of + plural, both singular and plural verbs appear; American formal style still often prefers is.
Con none of + plural, ambos; el estilo formal americano a veces prefiere is.
Same any; American do + have vs British have got.
Mismo any; do + have vs have got.
Every other (US) is the usual way to say alternate weeks.
Every other es la forma americana usual.
Exam practice
- Five parts, like a certification exam: multiple choice, open cloze, error identification, sentence transformation and US vs UK.
- Typed answers accept American spelling and contractions (don't = do not).
- Every item has feedback in English and Spanish. Items and options change order on every attempt.
- Only Exam mode saves your score to your progress. You pass with 70%.
Practice mode
No timer. Check each part as you go and read the feedback.
Exam mode
25 minutes. Feedback at the end. Your best score is saved.